CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANT CONCEPT (implant)
DEFINITIONS
- Contraception is a contraceptive implant under the skin (Hanafi, 2004). Is a contraceptive implant containing levonorgetrel silastic capsules wrapped in silicon and silicon polidymetri disusukan under the skin. Number of capsules disusukkan under the skin is as much as 2 capsules of each capsule length 44 mm each rod is filled with 70mg levonorgetrel, released into the blood by diffusion through the capsule wall levonorgetrel is a progestin that is used also in birth control pills such as mini pill or a pill combinations (Prawirohardjo , 2009).
CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANT
1. Effective for Norplant 5 years, 3 years for Jadena, Indoplant, or 2. Implanon
3. Comfortable
4. Can be worn by all women of reproductive age
5. Installation and immediately returned after the implant removed.
5. The major side effects such as irregular bleeding, spotting and amenorrhoea.
6. Safe to use during lactation.
TYPES OF IMPLANT
a. Norplant
- Consists of 6 bar silastik soft hollow with 3.4 cm long, with a diameter of 2.4 mm were filled with 36mg Levonogestrel and his 5 year old.
b. Implanon and Sinoplant
- Consists of a white rod bending with a length of approximately 40 mm and a diameter of 2 mm, which is filled with 68 mg of 3-Keto-desogestrel and his 3 year old.
c. Jadena and Indoplant
- Consisting of two rods filled with 75 mg Levonorgestrel with his 3 year old.
WAYS OF WORKING
1. Cervical mucus becomes thick
2. Interfere with the process of formation of the endometrium so difficult occur 3. implantation.
4. Reduce sperm transport.
EFFECTIVENESS
- Very effective (failure 0.2-1 pregnancies per 100 women).
BENEFITS
1. Contraception Advantages include high efficiency, long-term protection of up to 5 years, rapid return of fertility after revocation, does not require examination, free from the influence of estrogen, not interfering with copulation., Do not disturb the ASI patients only need to return to clinic when there are complaints. May be revoked at any time according to need.
2. Non Contraception Advantages include reducing menstrual pain, reduce the amount of menstrual blood, reduce and improve anemia. protecting occurrence of endometrial cancer, reducing the incidence of benign breast abnormalities, protect yourself from some, causing pelvic inflammatory disease, reduce the incidence of endometriosis.
SIDE EFFECTS
- In most clients can cause changes in menstrual patterns in the form of spotting (spotting), hipermenorea, or increasing the amount of menstrual blood, and amenorrhea, the emergence of such complaints:
1. Headache
2. weight
3. Breast pain nausea
4. Dizziness / headaches
5. Changes feeling (mood) or anxiety (nervousness).
6. The acts needs to have some minor surgery for the insertion and retraction
7. Do not provide a protective effect against sexually transmitted diseases including AIDS.
8. Clients can not stop themselves use this contraceptive liking, but had to go to the clinic for a revocation.
9. Its effectiveness decreases when using drugs tuberculosis (rifampicin) or epilepsy drugs (phenytoin and barbiturates).
10. The occurrence of ectopic pregnancy is slightly higher (1.3 per 100,000 women per year).
WHO SHOULD USE THE IMPLANT
1. The age of reproduction
2. Have have the child or not
3. Requires contraceptive effectiveness is high and requires long-term pregnancy prevention.
4. Post-delivery and not breastfeeding
5. History of ectopic pregnancy
6. The blood pressure <180/110 mmHg, with blood clotting problems or anemia crescent (sickle cell).
7. Can not use hormonal contraceptives containing estrogen.
WHICH MAY NOT USE THE IMPLANT
1. Pregnant or suspected of being pregnant
2. Bleeding pervagina is not clear why.
3. lumps / breast cancer or a history of breast cancer.
4. Unable to accept changes in menstrual patterns that occur
5. myoma uterus and breast cancer.
6. Impaired Glucose tolerance.
START TIME USE OF IMPLANT
1. At any time during the menstrual cycle day 2 through day 7. Not required additional contraceptive method.
2. insertive can be done at any time, provided that the pregnancy was not believed not to be. When inserted after the 7th day of the menstrual cycle, the client should not do, sexual intercourse or use another contraceptive intercourse for 7 days only.
3. If the client does not menstruate, the insertion can be done at any time, provided that is not believed to be pregnant, do not have sexual intercourse or use another for 7 days only.
4. When breastfeeding between 6 weeks to 6 months postpartum, insertion can be done at any time, if breastfeeding is full, the client does not need to use a method other kontraspsi.
5. If after 6 weeks of childbirth and menstruation has been returned, the insertion can be done at any time, but do not have sex for 7 days or use another contraceptive method for 7 days only.
6. When a client using hormonal contraceptives and wants to replace it with the implant, the insertion can be done at any time, provided that the client believes is not pregnant, use contraception prior to the client properly.
7. If the previous kontrasepi are contraceptive injections, implants can be given at the time of the scheduled contraceptive injection, no other contraceptive method is needed.
8. If the previous kontrssepi is non-hormonal contraceptives (except IUD) and the client wants menggatinya with the implant, implant insertion can be done at any time, provided that the client believed not pregnant. No need to wait until the next to come pregnant. i.Bila previous contraception is the IUD and the client wanted to replace it with implants, implants can be inserted during menstruation day-to-7 and the client should not have sexual intercourse for 7 days or use another contraceptive method for 7 days only. IUD immediately revoked.
9. Post-abortion implant can be inserted immediately (Saifuddin, 2006)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Alimul. 2003. Methods of Nursing Research. PT.Rineka Notices. Jakarta.
2. Alimul. 2007 Midwifery Research Methods and Data Analysis Techniques. Jakarta Salemba Medika.
3. Arikunto, S. 2006. Research Procedure A Practice Approach. Rineka Reserved. Jakarta.
4. BKKBN. 2005. Journal of acceptors of family planning in Indonesia (Internet). Available from: (http://www.bkkbn.com) (Accessed March 15, 2008).
5. MOH Contraceptive Services, 2008. Available from: (http //. Www.depkes-ri.co.id) (Accessed March 15, 2010).
6. Everett.2008. KB and Reproductive Health Issues. Jakarta: EGC
7. Hartanto.2003. Contraception Services Reference book. Jakarta: ISBN
8. Hanafi. 2001. Reference Books Contraception Services. Jakarta: ISBN
9. Hidayati. Contraception, 2009. Book Services. Jakarta: Salemba Medika
10. Kumala.2005. Family Planning and Contraception. Pustaka Sinar Harapan. Jakarta.
11. Kardianan.2009. Journal of Contraception Services (Internet). Available from: (http //. Www.info-kia.com.id) (Accessed July 15, 2009).
12. Kurniawan.2008. Behavioral Sciences. Jakarta: PT. Rineka reserved
13. Mitrianti.2009. Roles and Factors Affecting. http: //www.pt.bangun setya discourse. Accessed on July 15, 2009
14. Mochtar, Rustam. Obstetrics, 2002. Synopsis: Operative Obstetrics, Social Obstetrics. EGC. Jakarta.
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20. Soetjiningsih.2002.Tumbuh Kembang.Jakarta: EGC
21. Saifudin.2002. Practical Handbook of contraceptive services. Yayasan Bina Library Sarwono Prawirohardjo. Jakarta.
22. Sugiyono. 2006 Statistics for Health. Alfabeta. Bandung.
23. Suhaemi.2006.Kontrasepsi Implant. http // www.suhaemi.web.block. Access March 20, 2010
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